What are the different types of cyber security standards?

There are various aspects of information security, controls, and cyber risk management when safeguarding your organisation. That's why cyber security standards include technical, organisational, and legal components to address these different security aspects.

Technical standards

In cyber security, technical standards define specific controls, best practices, and measures to address vulnerabilities in IT infrastructure and safeguard critical assets.

These standards help establish a secure framework for your organisation to operate within the digital landscape. By implementing these guidelines, you can effectively manage risks associated with cyber threats and ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of your company's data and services.

Vulnerability assessments help identify weaknesses in the system that malicious actors could exploit. This proactive approach allows your business to address vulnerabilities promptly and strengthen its overall infrastructure protection against potential breaches.

Organisational standards

The focus of organisational standards is on establishing processes, procedures, and auditing mechanisms to ensure compliance with cyber security standards and industry best practices.

These guidelines shape your organisation's operational framework, navigating the development of strategies to safeguard sensitive data. Implementing a structured approach enhances resilience against cyber threats and data breaches.

Audit protocols within these standards systematically evaluate adherence to guidelines, driving continuous improvement.

Legal standards

Legal standards in cyber security include regulatory requirements set by governments and industry bodies such as GDPR and HIPAA to ensure compliance and data protection.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) dictates how personal data should be handled, stored, and protected, ensuring transparency and accountability in data processing. It affects any organisation that processes the personal data of individuals in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).

Similarly, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) establishes standards for the protection of sensitive patient health information, aiming to safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of healthcare data in the United States. While HIPAA is a US regulation, private providers from the UK operating in the US must also adhere to it. 

How are cyber security standards developed?

Cyber security standards are developed by governmental agencies, industry associations, and international organisations to address evolving cyber threats. But in which way do they contribute to these standards?  

Governmental agencies

Government agencies develop cyber security standards to combat cyber attacks, enforce regulations, and enhance national cyber security frameworks.

These agencies set the guidelines and requirements that organisations must adhere to in order to protect critical infrastructure and sensitive data. In response to cyber attacks, these entities often lead investigations, collaborate with other agencies, and provide support to affected organisations.

Industry associations

Industry bodies contribute by sharing best practices and tailored solutions based on their expertise, fostering collaboration within specific sectors.

These associations guide organisations towards a more secure digital landscape. By facilitating coordination among industry players, they ensure that cyber security standards are robust and up-to-date.

International organisations

International organisations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) provide a platform for harmonising cyber security standards on a global scale. They drive the development of global standards like ISO 27001 and the NIST cybersecurity framework to improve cyber security practices.

These global standards provide a common ground for organisations to improve their security posture and facilitate international collaboration and information sharing.

What are the most commonly used cyber security standards?

There are many different cyber security standards. Let's find out which ones you should know about. 

ISO 27001

ISO 27001 is a leading standard for information security management systems (ISMS), providing guidelines for certification, audits, and implementation of effective security controls. Organisations that adhere to ISO 27001 demonstrate a commitment to protecting sensitive information assets and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.

The certification process involves a thorough assessment by accredited auditors, evaluating the organisation's compliance with the requirements set forth in the standard. Regular audits are critical to maintaining certification and continuously improving the ISMS to address emerging risks and vulnerabilities.

Security controls outlined in ISO 27001 cover a range of areas, including access control, cryptography, physical security, and incident management, all aimed at safeguarding information from unauthorised access and breaches.

Watch video: ISO 27001 – Why, how, now.

PCI DSS

PCI DSS is a standard for payment card industry compliance, emphasising secure processes, audits, and controls to protect cardholder data and ensure regulatory adherence.

Compliance with PCI DSS isn't just a recommendation but a requirement for organisations handling payment card transactions. By setting stringent guidelines, this standard enhances data security measures and reduces the risk of fraud or data breaches.

The PCI Security Standards Council dictates the requirements that organisations must meet, including regular audits and assessments to validate their adherence to the PCI DSS standards. These audits involve a thorough inspection of policies, procedures, and infrastructure to ensure that proper data protection controls are in place.

NIST

The NIST cybersecurity framework offers guidelines on effective controls, risk management, and handling vulnerabilities to enhance the cyber security posture of organisations and critical infrastructure.

Structured around five core functions, the framework provides a systematic approach to addressing cybersecurity risks. It emphasises the importance of identifying, protecting, detecting, responding to, and recovering from cyber threats.

Control categories such as access control, data protection, and security training form the foundation of the framework, guiding organisations in establishing robust security measures.

HIPAA Security Rule

The HIPAA Security Rule sets standards for safeguarding sensitive information in healthcare, emphasizing compliance, data protection, and regular audits for security assurance.

Protecting individuals' health data is not just a regulatory requirement; it also builds trust with patients and maintains the reputation of the healthcare institution.

Compliance with the HIPAA Security Rule involves implementing physical, technical, and administrative safeguards to secure electronic protected health information.

You might also be interested: How healthcare companies can benefit from ISO 27001 certification

How do organisations implement cyber security standards?

Organisations implement cyber security standards by conducting risk assessments, creating policies and procedures, training employees, and conducting regular audits to ensure compliance and security.

Conducting risk assessments

The first step in implementing cyber security standards is to conduct a risk assessment, which involves evaluating processes, identifying cyber risks, and addressing vulnerabilities in the infrastructure.

Risk assessments provide your organisation with a comprehensive understanding of its current security posture, enabling you to identify potential threats and weaknesses proactively. Process evaluation can streamline operations and enhance efficiency, reducing the likelihood of cyber incidents.

By identifying cyber risks, you can prioritise your security efforts, focusing on the most critical areas that require immediate attention. Vulnerability mitigation strategies can be developed and implemented to strengthen defences and prevent unauthorised access.

Integrating robust infrastructure protection measures helps safeguard sensitive data and maintain operational continuity. This holistic approach to risk assessment empowers your organisation to build resilient defences against evolving cyber threats.

Creating policies and procedures

Creating policies and procedures involves developing governance controls, compliance frameworks, and audit procedures aligned with cyber security standards to ensure effective implementation.

Establishing robust policies and procedures is at the core of any organisation's cyber security strategy. These documents serve as a blueprint for managing information security risks and guiding employees on best practices.

Training employees

With the rising threat of social engineering, the human factor is critical in securing your organisation. Therefore, you need to focus on training employees on cyber security protocols, best practices, and guidelines to ensure awareness, competence, and adherence to cyber security standards within your organisation.

By providing comprehensive training sessions, employees can familiarise themselves with the latest cyber threats and vulnerabilities, enabling them to contribute actively to the organisation's cyber security defence strategies. This proactive approach fosters a culture of awareness and responsibility among staff members.

Implementing practical simulations and real-world scenarios during training can further enhance employees' ability to respond effectively to potential security incidents.

Regular auditing and testing

To ensure long-term success, regular auditing and testing are necessary components of implementing cyber security standards and verifying the effectiveness of security controls. These mechanisms help your organisation maintain standards and protect its digital assets.

Process validation assesses the effectiveness of security protocols and procedures to ensure they operate as intended and withstand evolving threats. Audits assess control effectiveness, identifying vulnerabilities and improving protection measures based on current standards.

Continuous security monitoring serves as an early warning system against potential cyber threats and enables proactive responses to mitigate risks before they escalate.

Frequently Asked Questions

What types of organisations need to follow cyber security standards?

All types of organisations, including businesses, government agencies, and non-profit organisations, should follow cyber security standards. This is especially important for those handling sensitive information, such as health and financial data.

What are some common cyber security standards?

Some common cyber security standards include ISO 27001, PCI DSS, and the NIST cyber security framework. These standards provide a set of best practices for managing and mitigating cyber risks and are widely used by organisations across various industries.

How can organisations ensure compliance with cyber security standards?

Organisations can ensure compliance with cyber security standards by conducting regular risk assessments, implementing security controls, and regularly reviewing and updating their security policies and procedures. They can also seek external certifications to demonstrate their adherence to these standards.

What are the consequences of not following cyber security standards?

Not following cyber security standards can have serious consequences, including data breaches, financial losses, damage to reputation, and potential legal penalties. It can also lead to disruptions in business operations and cause harm to individuals whose personal information is compromised.